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BRIEF HISTORICAL OUTLINES
Rome is situated 41° 53' 54" N. lat., and 12° 59' 53" E. long., on the banks of the Tiber.
According to Varro's calculations, Rome was founded on April 21,753 B.C.
Rome was first governed by Kings (753-510 B.C.); then as a Republic by Consuls (510-30) and finally by Emperors (30 B.C. to 476 A.D.) During the Middle Ages, the Church established its temporal rule and Rome remained the seat of the Papal Court until September 20, 1870 when the Italian army entered Rome and the Eternal City became the capital of a united Italy. The Vatican, a small territory of 0,440 kms.' occupied by St. Peter's Basilica, St. Peter's Square and the Vatican palaces, is under the sovreignty of the Pope, and it has been called the "Vatican City State" since 1929.
Rome has a population of over three and a half miliőn.
The Kings of Rome. According to the legend, the seven Kings of Rome were: Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, An-cus Martius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, and Tarquinius Superbus.
667. Romans and Albans contesting for superiority agreed to choose three champions on each side to decide the question. The three Horatii, Roman knights, overcame the three Curiatii, Alban knights, and unite Alba to Rome.
509. Tarquin the Proud and his family expelled for tyranny and licentiousness: royalty abolished: the Patricians established an aristocratic commonwealth.
The Republic. First period (510-87 B.C.) from the expulsion of Tarquin to the Dictatorship of Sylla. — Second period (87-30 B.C.) from Sylla to Augustus.
496. The Latins and the Tarquins declared war against the Republic and were defeated at Lake Regillus.
477-396. Wars with Veii and the Etruscans. Veii taken by Camillus after ten years' siege.
390. The Gauls, under Brennus, won a remarkable victory over the Romans on the banks of the little River Allia, after which they sacked and plundered Rome. However, they eventually returned to their own land and Rome was gradually rebuilt. (343-290): the Samnitic Wars.
312-308. The Censor Appius Claudius built the first important main road, the famous Appian Way and the first Roman acquaduct. 264-146. The Punic Wars, which culminated in the destruction of Carthage, the leading naval power in the Mediterranean. 146. The conquest of Greece.
88-86. Fighting between Marius and Sulla. 82-89. Sulla's dictatorship. Decline of the Republican institutions.