Australia, New Zealand Encyclopedia 11. (töredék) [antikvár]

land purchase, NewZealandThe way in which land was acquired in Australia and in New Zealand by early European setders varied.According to English common law, which dates back to pre-feudal times, all the land belongs ultimately to the reigning monarch, who may entitle his subjects to hold it, on certain conditions. Hence the term 'Crown Lands'. Thus when James CooK annexed Australia on behalf of Britain in 1770, all Australian land became Crown property. In NZ, however, where settiement preceded formal annexation, the position was rather different from the very beginning.Unlike the nomadic Australian aboriginals, the maoris of NZ were a well-organized and warlike people, who practised a form of subsistence village agriculture. It was much easier for them to establish a claim to the land they occupied than it was for the Aboriginals, who neither appeared to be 'using' it, as a European understood land-use, nor were really capable of defending it.It was because Crown entitlement to Australian lands was already estabhshed when settiement began, that John Batman's purchase of land at Port Phillip from local Aboriginals was declared illegal.Europeanstimber and flax traders, sealers, whalers, missionariesbegan to visit NZ from the 1790s onwards. By the turn of the century they had begun to form permanent settlements. To make themselves secure against the fierce Maoris, they felt it necessary to buy land from them. The church missionary society under Samuel Marsden made the first known purchaseabout 81ha in exchange for 12 axes.In the 1830s, as it began to seem inevitable that Britain would annexe NZ, land speculation increased wildly. Buyers from Sydney, among them W. C. Wentworth, bought land from the Maoris, some of whom travelled to Australia at this time. The new Zealand company, established by Edward Gibbon Wakefield, joined the land rush, although it did not receive its royal charter till 1841. Later, its claim to have purchased eight million ha was contested, leading to years of hostihty between settlers and Maoris.Anticipating annexation, the NSW governor, Sir George GiPPS, whose authority had been extended over NZ settlers in 1839, forbade further land sales and ordered an investigation into those that had already takenEdward Gibbon Wal

Termékadatok

Cím: Australia, New Zealand Encyclopedia 11. (töredék) [antikvár]

Kiadó: Bay Books Pty Ltd.

Kötés: Varrott keménykötés

ISBN: 858351315

Méret: 190 mm x 260 mm

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