Wien/Vienna/Vienne/Viena [antikvár]

A Short History of the City of ViennaCirc. 100 A.D.: Foundation of the Román camp Vindobona. Circ. 107: The Román 10th Légion (legioXGemina) enters Vindobona and remains until the end of Román rule in the earfy 5th cen-tury.180: Death of Marc Aurél at Vindobona.433: Pannónia is occupied by the Huns; end of Román domina-tion over Vindobona.453: Death of Attila; the Hun empire disintegrates. 456-473: The Ostrogoths occupy Pannónia; subsequently (6th to 8th centuries) peoples such as the Lombards, the Avars and the Slavs hold sway over the lands along the Danube. 881: First record of Vienna in the Middle Ages, the annals of Salzburg mentioning the city in connection with a battle against Hungary.1095-1136: During the reign of Leopold III Vienna passes into the possession of the Babenbergs.1155: The Babenberg Henry II Jasomirgott transfers his residence from Klosterneuburg to Vienna, which becomes the seat of the Babenbergs. The importance of the Danube as a trading route leads to an increase in Vienna's economic power. Vienna is the meeting point for the crusading armies and the place where they are equipped with arms (1189-1192). The heyday of chivalry and courtly love poetry (Walther von der Vogelweide etc.). 1246: Duke Frederick the Quarrelsome, last of the Babenbergs, falls in the battle against Hungary on the Leitha. The rule of the Babenbergs ends.1276-1278: After his election as king, Rudolph of Habsburg makes his entry into Vienna and determines that it is to be the residential city of the rulers and focal point of Habsburg power. 1327-1349: Natural catastrophes and plagues ravage the land: earthquakes, swarms of locusts, floods, bad harvests and epidemics (the Black Death of 1349).1359: The foundation stone for the reconstruction of the extend-ed nave of St. Stephen's is laid by Rudolph, the church's founder.Inauguration of the second Germán university.1529: From 22nd September until 14th/15th October: first siegeby the Turks. The Turkish army is successfully repelled by forcesunder Count Nicholas Salm (1459-1530).From 1531: Const ruct ion of the bastions and (in the 17th century)of the ravelins (outworks) in order to strengthen the fortress ofVienna. (Dismantled 1858-1875).1679: Vienna is visited by one of the worst epidemics of the plague in its history.1683: The second siege of Vienna by the Grand Vizir Kara Mustapha. Count Emest Rüdiger von Starhemberg (1638-1701) directs the heroic defence. The Turks repeatedly assault the city for three months before they are defeated on 12th September by a relieving army under the command of Charles of Lorraine and the Polish king, John Sobieski.1687-1718: After Prince Eugene's victory over the Turks Austria becomes a great power and Vienna the cultural centre of Europe. 1740: Maria Theresa (1717-80) becomes empressat the ageof 23. 2nd half of the 18th century: Vienna becomes an intemational centre for music and the theatre.1805-1809: Vienna is occupied twice by Napoleon's troops. 1814/15: The Congress of Vienna meets. 1848: Revolution breaks out in Vienna. Metternich resigns his position as chancellor and flees.1854: 24th April: the marriage of Emperor Francis Joseph I to Elizabeth of Bavaria.1889:30th January: the death of Crown Prince Rudolph and Baro-ness Maria Vetsera at the hunting lodge of Mayerling. 1914: Archduke Ferdinánd, the successor to the throne, is mur-dered by the student Gavrílow Princip at Sarajevo, which triggers off the First World War.1916:21st November: death of Emperor Francis Joseph atSchön-brunn.1918:11th/12th November: dissolution of the Danube Monarchy; Emperor Charles withdraws from the affairs of state. Proclamation before parliament of the first Republic of Austria ("German-Austrian State").1938:12th March: Germán troops enter Vienna (Anschluss). 1945:13th April: Vienna is taken by troops of the Red Army. 1955: International treaty proclaiming the neutrality of Austria and withdrawal of the occupying forces.Vienna in figuresPopuiation: over 1,500,000Surface area: 160 square milesHeight above sea level (at St. Stephen's Cathedral):563 feet