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1. THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE IRISH SETTER
The only fact that can be stated with perfect certainty regarding the origin of the Irish Setter is that the breed originated in Ireland, the country from which it derives its name.
In Ireland, as well as in every other inhabited part of the earth before the birth of Christ, hunting dogs were essential to man's very existence. Dogs were not used as hunting aids alone; their flesh was eaten and their skins were worn, and they served man well as guard dogs.
Remains of dogs unearthed in Ireland during the Harvard Arche-ological Expedition in the 1930's, in the crannog of Lagore, near Dun-shaughlin, produced three of the oldest types of the early dogs: Canis intermediusj Canis palustris and Canis leineri, all of which date back to the 7th and 8th centuries AD. The largest of these "species" belonged to a large wolfdog-type. Other remains bore bent forelegs and were more diminutive in size; they had obviously belonged to the toy dog breeds. A third type carried the distinctly domed skull and clearly defined stop which indicated the first evidences of the Water Spaniel common to all of Ireland and therefore the staunchest local contender for the title of ancestor to our Irish Setter.
The fact that these Irish Spaniels were prevalent in the first century is indicated by a reference to them in the ancient tome called Laws of Howell, written before the 11th century. The same canine history also presents a strong argument for this common Spaniel's being bred and worked in Spain; there are texts that say that this hairy-tailed, rough-coated dog was proficient at falconry. Called the chien oysel, or Spanish Pointer, it was also reputed to be the ancestor of the Poodles and larger Spaniels used all over the known world for hunting small birds and game on both land and water as early as the 14th century. These Spaniels, whose name centuries ago was spelled Spagnel (or Spanyell, as they were referred to in the age of Henry VIII, who decreed that no dogs should be kept in his court except "some small Spanyells for ladies."), actually got their name from