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PREFACE TO SECOND EDITIONSince this book was first published, we have received many-letters from different parts of the world containing valuable suggestions, and many of these have been incorporated into the present edition. The opportunity has also been taken to revise the book thoroughly. Figures and statistics, for which, in the first edition, we had to rely on information prior to 1939 have now been brought up to date. Important changes, such as the nationalisation of the Bank of England, of the Coal Industry, of Iron and Steel and of Transportall of which occurred after the book was first writtenhave now been taken into account. The chapter on Transport has been almost completely re-written, the main provisions of the Companies' Act of 1948 have been included in the relevant chapters, and additional material has been included dealing with the important work of the Company Secretary.The authors are very grateful for the suggestions they have received from teachers and students who have used this book and will welcome at all times any further criticisms or suggestions that may tend to make the book more valuable and useful.C. E. E. W. K.PREFACE TO FIRST EDITIONThere have been many books aiming at teaching Commercial Practice, and still more striving to teach English to Foreign students, but the present volume is, perhaps, unique in attempting to combine these aims, in trying, while giving an outline of English business organisation, to enlarge the student's general vocabulary, to exercise him in grammatical constructions and to increase his power of expressing himself in English with ease and clearness.This book, the first of two volumes, covers the essential features of modern English business. It glances briefly at England's position in the world of trade, at her industries and powers of production. Then, in more detail, it surveys the various functions of commerce, the work of the wholesaler and the retailer, the forms and the control of business organisation from the sole trader to the limited liability company. It dis-