Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 1991 [antikvár]

INDUSTRIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS J. C. R. Hunt Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Silver Street, Cambridge CB3 9EW, England KEY words: mixing, turbulence, combustion, multiphase flows 1. INTRODUCTION The beginning of the 1990s is an appropriate time to review industrial and environmental fluid mechanics because during this decade there will be many fluid-flow problems to solve in a world focusing on economic development, the quality of peoples' lives, and the global environment. Also, it is likely that the directions of fluid-mechanics research and its applications, as with other sciences and technologies, will be less toward the problems arising in the design of military equipment and its use in war; the advances that have been made in military technology could in many instances be applied to important problems that arise in industrial and environmental fluid mechanics (hereafter referred to as 1EFM). Industrial fluid mechanics (IFM) broadly covers those aspects of the design, manufacture, and operation of industrial products that are related to fluid-flow problems; the subject includes the related fluid-mechanics research and its application, as well as the technology associated with fluid flow. [These two aspects are only loosely connected, a point developed in my earlier review (Hunt 1981).] Environmental fluid mechanics (EFM) refers to fluid motions in the lower atmosphere, in the ground, and in rivers, lakes, and seas that relate in some way to problems connected to human activities within and concern about the environment. The emphasis is different from a purely scientific study of fluid motions and their implications in the natural environment, 1 0066-4189/91/0115-0001 $02.00