Beyond the walls/Oltre i muri [antikvár]

In the last thirty years, governments throughout the world have increasingly developed strategies and policies aimed at introducing community mentái healthcare systems to replace the old institutions. In spite of this, efficient services capable of providing good-quality overall answers have only been developed in a relatively small number of situations; this is especially true in large cities. In South Tirol development policies for community psychiatric services are a recent thing. Before 1978, with the exception of the Stadio institutional structure, there was no type of psychiatric care; until the start of the 1990s, apart from the SPDC (Psychiatric Diagnosis and Care Service) in Bolzano, there were no psychiatric care structures or if there were, they were still in the earliest stages. On the other hand Provinciai Council guidelines strongly take into account directives from EU guidelines on the one side and from the WHO on the other, which are based on the following: a)coherent and integrated systems of community services that are capable of developing strategies to respond to mentái healthcare needs in a specific area of the territory should be developed; b)the point of view of deinstitutionalization should be adopted, where the aim is not only to abandon mentái hospitals but alsó the current practice of "illness treatment" in psychiatry; c)all this must avoid the fragmentation of responses to specific individual needs, which can breed separation and concrete expression according to exclusive categories and ideals; d)to do this, the medical model of totalization should be broken down, giving more emphasis to a person's history; e)the practice will be to accept illness as suffering within a person's life and therapy will be dealt with according to a global vision of the person in all his or her uniqueness; f)finally, rights will be defended a priori as basic facts in the cure of the sick person.