Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences Gödöllő 1987/1 [antikvár]

IMPROVEMENT AND APPLICATION OF TISSUE CULTURE METHODS TO RICE (Oryza sativa L.) L. E. HESZKY, K. LŐKÖS and E. KISS Department of Plánt Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, H-2103 Gödöllő (Hungary) LI SU NAM Institute of Experimentál Biology, Academy of Sciences, Pyongyang, DPR (Korea) K. PERCSICH Central Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, H-2103 Gödöllő (Hungary) I. SIMON-KISS Rice Breeding Section, Institute for Jrrigation, Szarvas (Hungary) KEY WORDS: Tissue culture, regeneration, somaclone, haploid germplasm-bank, rice ABSTRACT Genotypic differences in callus induction and plánt regeneration could be decreased even in IR lines by application new tissue culture methods to rice. Plánt regeneration frequency in plumule meristem-derived calli varied from 25% to 69.2% for 13 genotypes, while in seed calli it varied from 0% to 27.4%. Plumule meristem calli produced an average of 3 times more plants than a similar mass of seed calli. Young inflorescence callus showed higher frequences of regeneration (more than 90% in two genotypes used) than anther calli an average of 25%) and showed no albino plants and slight genotypic dependence in plánt regeneration. It is proposed to introduce the plumule meristem culture and haploid young inflorescence culture into tissue culture systems of rice as new techniques. Use of plumule meristems provides higher genetic homogenity, young inflorescence culture enable us to utilize haploid breeding techniques in rice. An applicable procedure was elaborated to obtain many regenerants by increasing and extending the plánt regeneration during subcultures. The supplementation of culture médium with the low concentrations of NaCl (0.5 and 1.0%) had a positive effect on the prolongation of regeneration capacity in callus. Rice somaclones have been produced with useful characteristics including early heading date and high level of essential aminő acids. Somaclonal lines with higher lysine and methionine content were observed in the third generation. Variants flowering ten to fourteen days earlier were able to be selected. somaclones of third generation showed stability in chromosome number. PE3IOME 3a3HCHM0CTb ot reHOTHna unayKUHH xajuiioca m pereHepauHH pacreHM MoaceT öbiTb 3HaiHTejibHo eHHHeeHa, aa>Ke b jihhhhx. HacTOTa pereHepauHH Kajunoca, nponcxozuimero H3 MepncTeMbi 3ap0flbnneB0ií iiohkh 13 reHoranoB, cocTaBnajia 25-69,2%-ob, HimyuHpoBaHHoro H3 ceivieHH 0-27,4%. M3 Kajunoca MepHcreMbi 3apo,a,bimeboh noHKH b cpe^HeM mo>kho pereHepHpoBaTb b Tpn pa3a 6ojibuie pacreHnií, neM H3 Kajunoca, HH^yunpoBaHHoro H3 3epHa TaKOíí ace Maccbi. M3 Hepa3- BHToro nBeTOHHoro őyTOHa {rí) mokho nonyHHTb pacTeHHs c öojibmeií nacTOToft (öonee 90% y flByx rehotmiob), neM H3 nbuibitbi (cpe^HHa pereHepauna pacTeHna 25%), ho b to ace BpeMH pacTeHHií ajibŐHHOcoB He őbijio h nacTOTa pereHepauHH ne 3aBHCHJia ot reHOTHna. IIpeAJiaraeTC BBeaemie b cHCTeMy pa3BefleHH H3 TKaHeBbix KyjibTyp hobbix mcto^ob: Hcn0Jib30BaHHe b KanecTBe mojihtob, c 0flH0H cTopoHbi, MepHCTeMy 3ap0flbimeB0H noiKH, c apyroM CTopoHbi, 3aiaTKH UBeTOMHbix 6yTOhob. OcHOBbiBaacb Ha BbiBe^eHHH aH^poreHHbix rannoHAOB uBeTOMHbix öyTOHOB, npeAJiaraioT co3AaTb ranjiOHflHbiö 6aHK reHOB.