Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia 26. (töredék) [antikvár]

FUNK WAGNALLS NEW ENCYCLOPEDIA TRANSPORTATION, conveyance of people or property from one place to another. Modern commercial transportation serves the public interest and includes all the instrumentalities and facilities used in the movement of people or property, and all services involved in the receipt, delivery, and handling of such property. In the development of transportation, social and economic problems stimulated early refinement of the principle of boat propulsion. The ancient Romans used vessels equipped with sails and several banks of oars to transport their armies to Carthage and other theaters of operation, Improvements were subsequently made in shipbuilding and in the rigging and manipulation of sails. With these changes, along with the adoption of the mariner's compass, sailing in the open sea out of sight of land became feasible. See Ships and Shipbuilding. Transportation overland developed at a much slower pace. For centuries the customary rate of travel, which was restricted to horseback, horse-drawn carts, or animal-drawn sleds (see Coach), rarely exceeded 16 km/hr (10 mph). Overland transportation showed little improvement until the 1820s, when the British engineer George Stephenson adapted the steam engine to a locomotive (q.v.) and initiated, between Stockton and Darlington, England, the first steam railroad. For a discussion of commerce throughout history, see Commerce. TRANSPORTATION IN THE U.S. Five modes of transport are used in the U.S,: roads, railroads, water transportation, air transportation, and pipeline transportation. The commercial transportation of persons is classified as passenger service and that of property as freight service. Many countries have established by law economic groupings in motor-carrier transportation over the highways. In France and Great Britain, privately owned public motor carriers observe rules and regulations that differ from those for motor carriers operated in conjunction with railroads. Road Transportation. In the U S., the legal classification imposed by the federal government di- Drawing of a trireme, the type of ship used in both peace and war by the ancient Cree/cs and Romans. Bettmann Archive