Harrap's Mini French-English Dictionary/Dictionnaire Anglais-Francais [antikvár]

This dictionary is an entirely new publication designed to provide an up-to-date. practical and concise work of reference giving translations of the most useful French and English vocabulary. The aim has been to achieve a work of great clarity of equal value to French and to English speakers. whether students, tourísts, businessmen or -women or generál readers, and to produce a text offeríng the maximum amount of guidance in pinpointing and understanding translations. Equal importanoe has been given to the presentation of French and English. Different translations of the same word or phrase are clearly labelled by means of bracketed context indicators and/or style and field labels. A single translation of a word is alsó often labelled as an additional aid to the user (e.g. hedgehog n (animál) hérísson m; ungairrfy a (clumsy) gauche; béotien, -tenne nmf(inculte) philistine). The user is helped by having indicators and labels in French in the French section and in English in the English section of the dictionary. Style and field labels follow bracketed indicators (e.g. grid n . (sysiem) El réseau m; bidtile nm (chose) Fam thingummy). In the event of more than one translation within a grammatical category being qualified by the same style or field label. the label mav then precede (see calé, liquidlzer. trucker). The user will find in the text important abbreviations, useful geographical information such as names of countries. and a wide coverage of American words and usage. The vocabulary treated includes French and English colloquialisms and slang, and important technical jargon. Comparatives and superlatives of English adjectives are alsó indicated. In order to save space, derived words are usually included within the entry of a headword. Ali such words are highlighted by means of a lozenge. Derivatives may be written in fiill or abbreviated, as is usually the case for important derived forms (such as English -ly or French -ment). An oblique stroke in bold is used to mark the stem of a headword at which point the derived ending is added. A bold dash stands for a headword or the portion of a headword to the left of the oblique stroke (e.g. awkward a. . . ¦—íy adv *—ness n . ; boulevers/er w. . . —arrt a. . . —ementnm). An oblique stroke within an entry is another space-saving device. It is used to separate non equivalent altemative parts of a phrase or expression matched exactly in French and English (e.g. les basses/hautes classes tRe lower/upper classes is to be understood as: les basses classes the lower classes and les hautes classes the upper classes; to give s.o./sfh a push pousser qn/qch as: to give s.o. a push pousser qn and to give sth a push pousser qch). A further typographical device, a filled square, may be used to introduce a string of English phrasal verbs (see come. take). In common with other Harrap dictionaries, when a headword appears in an example in the same form, it is represented by its initial letter. This applies whether the headword starts a new line (e.g. advance n in a. of s.o. avant qn) or appears within an entry. either in full form (e.g. ¦aiterial a a. road route f principale), or in abbreviated form (e.g. (where ¦—ed stands for advanced) * od a a. in years agé). The pronunciation of both English and French is shown using the latest symbols of the International Phonetíc Alphabet. Pronunciation is given for headwords at the start of an entry, and. as an additional help to the user, for a word within an entry where the correct pronunciation may be difficult to derive froni the form of the word (e.g. ¦aristocratie j-asi|; ¦aoütien, -ienne [ausjf, -jen]; ¦rabid ['tsebidj; ¦prayer[presr]). Stress in English is indicated for headwords and for derived words in which stress differs from that of a headword (e.g. civilize fstviiaiz) and ¦eivili'zation). American English pronunciation is listed'wherever it is considered to differ substantially from that of British English (e.g. arlstocrat ('jerisokrat, Am s'ristskrset). quinine ['kwini:n. Am *kwainain|). American spelling is alsó given if considered sufficiently different (e.g. tire and tyre, plow and pkxigh). An originál feature of this dictionary is its semantic approach to the order and arrangemem of entries. An approach whereby the mcaning of words is allowed to