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'Helicobacter Pioneers' is the crowning achievement of a lifetime's work by Barry Marshall. The fascinating tale of Marshall and Warren's identification and elucidation of Helicobacter pylori and its role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease runs the gamut of Greek tragedy to Moliere farce and Hollywood drama. The protagonist is the shadowy and often sinister helicobacter organism, flagellating against the undulating backdrop (an outline of the stomach and duodenum) to the proscenium (iconic medical opinion). Against the swirling mists of time and (acid) tide can be seen the magic lantern figures of Bizzozero, Jaworski, Salomon, Edkins, Doenges, Freedberg, Palmer and a host of others as they evanescently enter and exit amidst the Nebel und Nacht of intellectual fashion. Their lines are faintly heard and then lost in the mélée of dogma, doctrine and personal animus expressed by the audience (the medical majority).The looming figure ofWarren (Lear-like in its majesty) stands stage left, almost silent and somewhat aloof, representing a belief in both a principle and a vision of a future as yet unacceptable to the proletariat (drug designers and prescribers). Amidst the clash of the dark armies of industry and academia (journal review and rebuttal), the brash young hero from a humble background strides to the front of the stage, but his unfettered, even arrogant, declamation of the truth is lost in the generál outcry evoked by his növel assertions. Undaunted, even provoked, by the apparent rejection of his ideas, the hero pits himself against authority (editors and program chairpersons) and the guards (peer review and enshrined professorial deities). In an unfolding series of dramatic events, including arduous journeys (medical meetings), the proof of Koch's postulates and final acceptance, the populace slowly accept the dawning of a new day. From the background can be heard the slowly rising cadence of