International Conference on Large High Voltage Electric Systems II. (töredék) [antikvár]

31-01 THE DESIGN AND PLANNING OF RAPIDLY DEVELOPING POWER SYSTEMS o by M.A. BIRD, W.H. PARRINGTON J.S. McCONNACH* Kennedy Donkin, Consulting Engineers, Ontario Hydro, System Planning Division (United Kingdom) (Canadal SUMMARY Of the many factors which contribute to design and planning difficulties in rapidly developing countries, high rate of growth of load and shortage of trained and experienced local staff are perhaps the most universal and can result in the forcing of large generating sets into the system plan. Large seasonal and daily variations in demand can aggravate the resultant operational difficulties and may necessitate the implementation of automatic load shedding schemes. Rapid industrialisation programmes can involve the supply of large and in some cases fluctuating loads requiring special compensation equipment. The natural tendency to interconnect and integrate isolated system development may require special attention to fault levels, reactive power requirements and dynamic stability. Examples of such situations and the methods adopted to deal with the associated problems are described from actual experiences. This includes the consideration of the type and extent of centralised system control. Compensation, Developing countries. Fault level. Harmonics, Load shedding. Planning, System Control. REPORT 1. INTRODUCTION Technical constraints and difficulties are prevalent in the development of all power systems but in the case of many developing countries such difficulties are often encountered at a much earlier stage, in a more acute form and with a much compressed time frame for their solution. In addition to universal limitations such as current ratings, fault levels and stability, aspects such as generating unit size, abnormal loads, protection and control can require special consideration particularly in the case of smaller power systems. This paper considers the factors contributing to such situations in rapidly developing countries and suggests preferred design and planning philosophies to ensure a more trouble-free growth and development of the power system and hence of the industries and commerce it serves. The individual constraints and methods of dealing with them are discussed in general terms and typical examples are described, drawn from actual experiences. * formerly with Kennedy & Donkin