National Geographic 1988. (nem teljes évfolyam) [antikvár]

NATIONALGEOGRAPHICJANUARY 1988Those Electrifying 1880s8The Western frontier closed, and new frontiers of science and industry opened in the dynamic decade when the National Geographic Society was bom. A centennial survey by historian William H. Goetzmann, with nostalgic collages by Fred Otnes.The Society's Trustees38Chairman Emeritus Melvin M. Payne traces a century of distinguished leadership.Discovering America44Two newcomers to the United States help us see ourselves as others see usa nation of wealth, waste, patriotism, and undreamed-of opportunity. Award-winning Polish journalists Malgorzata Niezabitowska and Tomasz Tomaszewski report.Poland:The Hope That Never Dies 80Journalist Tad Szulc returns to the land of his birth and finds a nation in the troubled throes of economic reform. Photographs by James L. Stanfield.Galápagos Wildlife122Charles Darwin first described to the world the unique animal inhabitants of these islands off Ecuador. A hundred and fifty years later. Dieter and Mary Plage portray the same unique species of the archipelago, now protected in a national park.Managing Another Galápagos SpeciesMan146Thousands of tourists descend on the Galapagos each year. Jerry Emory describes the impact on the fragile ecology and the challenges involved in preserving it.Cover: From Robert E. Peary's expedition to the North Pole to the discovery of the Titantc, National Geographic has documented a century of exploration. See page 9.Egyptian, Chinese, and Greek cultures may be measured in millennia, but in ' the United States few organizations are lucky enough to celebrate a 100th birthday. This year at the National Geographic Society we do so twice.On January 13, 1888, thirty-three uncommon men sharing an uncommon fascination for this amazing world met at the Cosmos Club in Washington, D. C., to consider the "advisability of organizing a society for the increase and diffusion of geographic knowledge." It was so moved and so done, "that we may all know more of the world."The members soon decided the best way to do this was to publish a journal. In October 1888 the first slim issue of the National Geographic Magazine trickled off the press. The Society's membership was scarcely 200. This monthwith ten and a half million memberswe literally turn our pages back 100 years and reprint from that issue President Hubbard's address to those attending the first meeting of the Society (following pages). It was a cogent statement of direction and policyas relevant as if written today.The invitation to the inaugural meeting, the evening of February 17, suggested that members bring friends, including ladies. Secretary Henry Gannett, the great geographer justifiably known as the "father of American mapmaking," announced that the paper of the evening would be delivered by member Maj. John Wesley Powell the leader of the first exploration of the Grand Canyon. So began the Geographic's policy of presenting first-person accounts by prominent explorers, adventurers, and scientists. In Powell they had all three.Those Victorian years of the late 19th century, in which many of the founders played historic roles, were times of action.