National Geographic March 1982 [antikvár]

.1 ¦ ^ Jii ysEk ¦r'' "3 • ' f' I • ( ! ' ['i i h'iiiik "V^ÎJ '' IN JANUARY 1981 Dr. Clifford Evans, a Smithsonian archaeologist and National Geographic research grantee, was called to Dulles Airport to help U. S. Customs officials authenticate 154 pieces of pre-Columbian gold, ceramics, and textiles confiscated from the baggage of a New York art dealer. Dr. Evans found some of the specimens, all from unknown sites in Peru, to be finer than any he had seen in 35 years of work. He was depressed and angered by the inestimable archaeological losses represented by the loot. According to Customs Special Agent Richard Conger, Dr. Evans said, "I don't want to look at this any more—it's making me sick." A few hours later, at his home, he suffered a fatal heart attack. Nobody can say that Dr. Evans's anguish directly caused his death. What is certain is that the voracious market for antiquities is destroying the heritage of Latin American nations. U. S. dealers import as many as 40,000 items a year from Peru alone—many of them literally strip-mined from archaeological sites with bulldozers and backhoes, destroying the history as well as the more delicate artifacts. This collection was seized on a "price tag" COTTON COULSON Confiscated gold-and-silver burial mask from Peru technicality. The art dealer had declared its value at $ 1,785; an appraiser for Customs set it at $288,000. One item alone, a feather cape, was valued at $150,000. There is no law specifically forbidding such imports, and our government is almost powerless to cooperate with those nations whose antiquities are at the mercy of well-financed thieves and art collectors. In this issue, we bring you a wall map of what is already known of the pre-Columbian history of South America. And beginning on the following page, we offer a view of the rich tapestry of cultures that is modern Peru. NATflOML EOGlAPMflC THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE VOL 161, NO, 3 COPVRIGHT © 1982 BY NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY WASHINGTON. 0. C. INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT SECURED March 1982 The Two Souls of Peru 284 Indian and Spanish heritages mold a nation of sharp geographic and social contrasts, where a new government makes a fresh start. Harvey Arden reports, with photographs by William Albert Allard. Santa Fe: Still the Goal at the End of the Trail 323 William S. Ellis finds artists, tourists, and "deserters from drudgery" seeking modem haven in the oldest capital city in the United States. Photographs by Gordon W. Gahan and Otis Imboden. Sudan; Crucible of Cultures 346 Ranging across Africa's largest nation, author-photographer Robert Caputo visits diverse peoples of a country struggling for unity a decade after the end of a 17-year civil war betM'een African south and Arabic north. Henry Hudson's Changing Bay 380 The 20th century brings technology and political clout to a handful oflnuit villages trying to balance old and new in the isolated wilderness around Hudson Bay. By Bill Richards, with photographs by David Hiser. Quebec's Northern Dynamo 406 Afar-flung network of dams and hydroelectric plants is harnessing subarctic Canadian rivers for new power for industries and cities. Text by Larry Kohl, photographs by Ottmar Bierwagen. COVER; Forehead scarification identifies a Mondari woman of Sudan. A pad of woven grass cushions her waterpot. Photograph by Robert Caputo. 283 'J ' J J. I' é'ir' ¦I. mi Y" 'A Hi I.