Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Analytical and Environmental Problems [antikvár]

Xhe 19"' Int. Symp. on Analytical and Environmental Problems, Szeged, 23 September 2013 REACTION OF VEGETABLE SPECIES ON As, Cd, Cr, Hg AND Se LOADS Rudolf Kastori', Imre Kádár^, Ivana Maksimovic', Marina Putnik-DelicS Zarko Ilin' 'University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 8, Novi Sad, Serbia ^Research Institute for Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the Htmgarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó ú. 15, Budapest, Hungary ABSTRACT The effect of different doses (90-810 kg/ha) of trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Se) on their accumulation and yield of six vegetable species was analyzed in the stationary long-term field trial. An increase in the doses of tested elements in all plant species increased their content. This increase was greater in the above-grotmd vegetative organs than in roots, tubers and grain. Concentration of Se increased the most and concentration of As the least in all vegetable species. INTRODUCTION The accumulation of microelements essential for living organisms (Cu, Zn, Mn, etc) and microelements v«th predominantly toxic effects (Cd. Hg, Pb, etc) in the soil, the substrate for terrestrial plants, can be a consequence of natural lithogenic and pedogenic processes or anthropogenic factors, i.e. the result of the pollution of the environment (Kastori, 1997). Plants play important role in cycling of mineral elements in nature. Those elements enter the food chain mainly through the food of plant origin, especially vegetables that in high proportion may be used without previous processing (spinach, sorrel, red beets, carrots, etc). Different plant species and genotypes uptake and accumulate ions with different intensity and they are sensitive to excess of a particular ion to various extents (Kastori et al., 1997, Rengel, 1999). Therefore, it is important to examine sensitivity of particular vegetable species to the presence of different concentrations of microelements with predominantly toxic effect in the soil and their accumulation in plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS A small-plot long-term field experiment was set up in the spring 1991 on the loamy-textured calcareous chernozem soil formed on loess at Nagyhocsok Experimental Station of the Research Institute for Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the Htmgarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, to investigate the effect of addition of high rates of trace elements to the soil. The effect of 13 microelements was examined, and in this paper will be showed results obtained with five of them: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chrome (Cr), mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se). Microelements were applied once during the entire experiment, in 1991, in the doses of 0 (control), 90, 270 and 810 kg/ha. 11