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IntroductionThis boolc is for students preparing for the University of Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency in English examination. Its 18 units, each based on a different topic, will help you to develop and improve your English up to the standard required in the Proficiency exam. The exercises are designed to help you to improve the specific language skills tested in the different papers of the exam. In addition, you will discover that these exercises are often entertaining, sometimes challenging, frequently informative and occasionally provocative or even surprising.A Proficiency course should be: (a) enjoyable, (b) intellectually stimulating and (c) geared to the exam. These three requirements are kept in mind throughout this book. Each unit contains a variety of exercises and activities, focussing on the knowledge and the various sets of skills you require for the Proficiency exam: vocabulary, reading, use of English, listening, oral communication and composition. As you work through these exercises, you will progressively build up your proficiency in these language skills.You will notice a gradual change in the nature and style of the exercises and activities from unit to unit. At the beginning they help you to improve your English by giving you guidance and enjoyment; towards the end you will be acquiring some of the special skills needed for the Proficiency exam, where your knowledge of English is going to be tested objectively.Many of the exercises and activities are designed to be done in co-operation with other students, working in pairs or small groups. This is to encourage each of you to consider and then discuss all the answers to the questions. If exercises are done round the class, someone else usually answers first or someone gets the teacher to answer the difficult questions, and this tends to discourage the others from thinking for themselves. Working in pairs or small groups usually takes longer, but it really does help you learn more effectively and to remember better - and it's enjoyable too.Although working through this book will help you to maintain your progress in English, don't forget that it is your teacher who can help you to improve the specific aspects of English that you are weakest in and guide you towards exercises that seem most valuable for you and your class. But most important of all is you] By asking questions, seeking advice, continuing to expand your vocabulary, reading as much English as you can, talking and listening to English whenever you can both in class and outside, you are the one who is most responsible for your own progress. To do well in the Proficiency exam you need to be confident and flexible in your use of English. And to develop confidence and flexibility needs time, practice and some hard work. Good luck!