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IntroductionStratford-upon-Avon, with the surrounding countryside, exercises a fascination almost as universal in its appeal as Shakespeare himself. It is an area which, quite apart from any literary associations, possesses a natural, historical and architectural heritage of an unmistakably English character.Situated, as it were almost symbolically, at the heart of England, Stratford-upon-Avon enjoys a delightful river setting roughly midway along the course of the Warwickshire Avon. Originating as a river-crossing settlement, the site of Roman and Saxon occupation, Stratford has always been an important focus of roads and has served as the market centre of the surrounding countryside since the grant of its market in 1196 and its subséquent récognition as a place where fairs were held. Düring the Middle Ages it had a flourishing guild and in 1553 becameaself-governingborough. Visiting the town in Queen Elizabeth Ts time, Camden described it as 'a proper little mercate [market] towne', and it is on these lines that it has developed. Today it has a basic population of some 25,000 people.Apart from its position as a tourist centre, present-day Stratford has a miscellany of small, light industries such as the making of engineering components, plastics, machine tools and aluminium goods; fruit canning and various crafts and trades associated with agriculture and market gar-dening; building design and construction; printing; and farmers' insurance business. Nevertheless, its essential role is still that of a market centre, pro-viding facilities for the sale of cattle from the surrounding countryside and supplying farmers' implements. Its weekly market and shops cater as much for the needs of the countryfolk from round about as for the resident townspeople and visitors, while its annual mop fair is the survival of the old hiring fair at which farm workers offered themselves for hire.Physically, the town preserves many links with its interesting past. The compact, well-ordered layout of the central streets, as well as the street names themselves, have altered little since the fourteenth century; the fine stone bridge that car-ries all the road traffic across the river was built nearly five centuries ago, and the brick bridge nearby recalls an early nineteenth-century railway project; the fifteenth-century range of guild build-Henley-in-Arden