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LE AD ING BRANCH OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY In half a century Russia, a once economically backward country, has developed into a leading industrial power-the Union of Soviet Socialist Repüblics. In 1965 the USSR accounted for nearly a fifth of world industrial output. In order to realize how much progress has been made it would be well to bear in mind that when the people of Russia took over power in the autumn of 1917 they inherited a backward economy. Prior to World War I, in 1913 Russia's industrial output constituted a mere 6.9 per cent of the US figure, 17.2 per cent of the Germán, 22 per cent of the British and 40 per cent of the French. Heavy industry, particularly power engineering, mechanical engineering and chemistry were in the