The Law Of Conflicts And Foreign Trade [antikvár]

PREFACE Like all countries in the sphere of international economic and other relations, Hungary has its identity both in general and as regards its legal structure. This applies also to its law of conflicts and foreign trade. Still Hungary can be considered, within reasonable limits, as a case study whose approaches and experiences may have more general relevances. Hungary, a medium-sized country, is deeply interlocked with the world's economy. Its socialist economy is part of world-wide commercial schemes such as GATT and IMF and of the CMEA, an intensive regional economic cooperation of the socialist countries. Hungary is highly foreign-trade-oriented. Half of its GNP comes and goes through foreign trade. Its industry and highly developed agriculture export to and import from hundreds of countries, roughly 50 per cent with socialist countries and 50 per cent with non-socialist (developed and developing) countries. Export commodities range from Hungarian wine through thousands of buses per year (Hungary is in all likelihood becoming a major bus-producing country in the world) to large turn-key projects. In other words, goods, services and capital are flowing intensively to and fro, and more is meant to be accomplished. Labour and various other kinds of personal migration are also substantial. There were years when half of the Hungarian population was on a foreign trip of this or the other kind, and Hungary hosted tourists and other guests in number doubling its own population. All this is being channelled by a fairly modern and developed legal system assisted by a traditional yet open legal culture. This book is an effort to act as a guide to foreigners concerning all these factors and especially the legal structure. Let us list here only the main issues covered (the impact of the late 1960s' economic reform introduced in Hungary also considered): foreign trade mechanism, the State in international economic relations, the autonomy of the enterprises in general and in doing foreign business; the various forms of economic cooperation within the CMEA; Hungary's participation in GATT, IMF, WB, ECE and in the various universal unification schemes and conventions such as those on bills of V