The Situation and Future of Technology in Europe [antikvár]

The Situation and Future of Technology in Europe Umberto Colombo and Giuseppe Lanzavecchia ENEA, Romé 1. THE BIRTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC-TECHNOLOGICAL INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM 1.1 The Overturning of Traditional Structures In 1945, during a radio programme, Winston Churchill said that the future of the world belongs to the better educated races, the only ones able to operate the scientific apparatus, so as to excel in peace and survive in war. It is revealing that the great English statesman did not use the term State, but "race", betraying a mentality and culture which, after having 44Victory" in two wars, brought his country far from the goals of the imperial era. With acumen, and strengthened by the tough lessons of war, he does not speak of 4"science" but of "scientific apparatus" as the means to excel in peace and survive in war". Education, scientific apparatus, state - including a high level of industrial production - these are the elements that have undergone the greatest changes since the two World Wars, and that best characterize today's scientific and technological revolution. It is the complete overturning of concepts dominant until the Second World War, even though somé aspects had actually already begun to come to the fore previously. These include, firstly, education as the necessary foundation for economic and social development; and secondly, the creation of a "scientific apparatus", given the inadequate - World Fuíures Vol. 22, pp. 147-204 © 1986 Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers, Inc. 0260-4027/86/2204-0147 $30.00/0 Printed in the United States of America