Writing English Language Tests [antikvár]

1 Introduction to language testing A large number of examinations in the past have encouraged a tendency to separate testing from teaching. Both testing and teaching are so closely interrelated that it is virtually impossible to work in either field without being constantly concerned with the other. Tests may be constructed primarily as devices to reinforce learning and to motivate the student or primarily as a means of assessing the student's performance in the language. In the former case, the test is geared to the teaching that has taken place, whereas in the latter case the teaching is often geared largely to the test. Standardised tests and public examinations, in fact, may exert such a considerable influence on the average teacher that they are often instrumental in determining the kind of teaching that takes place before the test. A language test which seeks to find out what candidates can do with language provides a focus for purposeful, everyday communication activities. Such a test will have a more useful effect on the learning of a particular language than a mechanical test of structure. In the past even good tests of grammar, translation or language manipulation had a negative and even harmful effect on teaching. A good communicative test of language, however, should have a much more positive effect on learning and teaching and should generally result in improved learning habits. Compare the effect of the following two types of test items on the teaching of English: 1 You will now hear a short talk. Listen carefully and complete the following paragraph by writing one word on each line: If you go to on holiday, you may have to wait a long time at the as the porters are on However, it will not be as bad as at most (etc.) 2 You will now hear a short weather and travel report on the radio. Before you listen to the talk, choose one of the places A, B or C and put a cross (X) in the box next to the place you choose. Place A-Southern Spain (by air). ? Place B - Northern France (by car). ? Place C - Switzerland (by rail). ?